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- Greek dramatist who, with Aeschylus and
- Euripides, is one of the three great
- tragedians. He modified the form of tragedy
- by introducing a third actor and developing
- stage scenery. He wrote some 120 plays, of
- which seven tragedies survive. These are
- Antigone 441 BC, Oedipus Tyrannus, Electra,
- Ajax, Trachiniae, Philoctetes 409 BC, and
- Oedipus at Colonus 401 BC. Sophocles lived in
- Athens when the city was ruled by Pericles, a
- period of great prosperity. His many friends
- included the historian Herodotus. In his
- tragedies, human will plays a greater part
- than that of the gods, as in the plays of
- Aeschylus, and his characters are generally
- heroic. This is perhaps what he meant when he
- said of Euripides `He paints men as they are'
- and of himself `I paint men as they ought to
- be'. A large fragment of his satyric play (a
- tragedy treated in a grotesquely comic
- fashion) Ichneutae also survives.
-